Transaction Memos

Overview

Transactions to THORChain pass user intent with the MEMO field on their respective chains. THORChain inspects the transaction object and the MEMO in order to process the transaction, so care must be taken to ensure the MEMO and the transaction are both valid. If not, THORChain will automatically refund the assets. Memos are set in inbound transactions unless specified.

THORChain uses specific asset notation for all assets. Assets and functions can be abbreviated, and affiliate addresses and asset amounts can be shortened to reduce memo length, including through use of scientific notation. Some parameters can also refer to a THORName instead of an address.

Guides have been created for Swap, Savers and Lending to enable quoting and the automatic construction of memos for simplicity.

All memos are listed in the relevant THORChain source code variable stringToTxTypeMap.

Memo Size Limits

THORChain has a memo size limit of 250 bytes. Any inbound tx sent with a larger memo will be ignored. Additionally, memos on UTXO chains are further constrained by the OP_RETURN size limit, which is 80 bytes.

Dust Thresholds

THORChain has various dust thresholds (dust limits), defined on a per-chain basis. Refer to the THORNode inbound addresses endpoint for details, specifically the dust_threshold field.

Format

All memos follow the format: FUNCTION:PARAM1:PARAM2:PARAM3:PARAM4

The function is invoked by a string, which in turn calls a particular handler in the state machine. The state machine parses the memo looking for the parameters which it simply decodes from human-readable strings.

Some parameters are optional. Simply leave them blank but retain the : separator, e.g., FUNCTION:PARAM1:::PARAM4.

Permitted Functions

The following functions can be put into a memo:

Swap

Perform an asset swap.

SWAP:ASSET:DESTADDR:LIM/INTERVAL/QUANTITY:AFFILIATE:FEE

Info

For the DEX aggregator-oriented variation of the SWAP memo, see Aggregators Memos.

Parameter	Notes	Conditions
Payload	Send the asset to swap.	Must be an active pool on THORChain.
`SWAP`	The swap handler.	Also `s` or `=`
`:ASSET`	The asset identifier.	Can be shortened.
`:DESTADDR`	The destination address to send to.	Can use THORName.
`:LIM`	The trade limit, i.e., set 100000000 to get a minimum of 1 full asset, else a refund.	Optional. 1e8 or scientific notation.
`/INTERVAL`	Swap interval in blocks.	Optional. If 0, do not stream.
`/QUANTITY`	Swap Quantity. Swap interval times every Interval blocks.	Optional. If 0, network will determine the number of swaps.
`:AFFILIATE`	The affiliate address.	Optional. Must be a THORName or THOR Address.
`:FEE`	The affiliate fee. RUNE is sent to affiliate.	Optional. Ranges from 0 to 1000 Basis Points.

Syntactic Examples:

SWAP:ASSET:DESTADDR — simple swap
SWAP:ASSET:DESTADDR:LIM — swap with trade limit
SWAP:ASSET:DESTADDR:LIM/0/1 — swap with limit, do not stream swap
SWAP:ASSET:DESTADDR:LIM/3/0 — swap with limit, optimise swap amount, every 3 blocks
SWAP:ASSET:DESTADDR:LIM/1/0:AFFILIATE:FEE — swap with limit, optimised and affiliate fee

Real-world Examples:

SWAP:ETH.ETH:0xe6a30f4f3bad978910e2cbb4d97581f5b5a0ade0 — swap to Ether, send output to the specified address
SWAP:ETH.ETH:0xe6a30f4f3bad978910e2cbb4d97581f5b5a0ade0:10000000 — same as above except the ETH output should be more than 0.1 ETH else refund
SWAP:ETH.ETH:0xe6a30f4f3bad978910e2cbb4d97581f5b5a0ade0:10000000/1/1 — same as above except do not stream the swap
SWAP:ETH.ETH:0xe6a30f4f3bad978910e2cbb4d97581f5b5a0ade0:10000000/3/0 — same as above except streaming the swap, every 3 blocks, and THORChain to calculate the number of swaps required to achieve optimal price efficiency
SWAP:ETH.ETH:0xe6a30f4f3bad978910e2cbb4d97581f5b5a0ade0:10000000/3/0:t:10 — same as above except sends 10 basis points from the input to affiliate t (THORSwap)
s:ETH.ETH:0xe6a30f4f3bad978910e2cbb4d97581f5b5a0ade0:1e6/3/0:t:10 — same as above except with a reduced memo and scientific notation trade limit
=:r:thor1el4ufmhll3yw7zxzszvfakrk66j7fx0tvcslym:19779138111 — swap to at least 197.79 RUNE
=:ETH/USDC-0XA0B86991C6218B36C1D19D4A2E9EB0CE3606EB48:thor15s4apx9ap7lazpsct42nmvf0t6am4r3w0r64f2:628197586176 — swap to at least 6281.9 Synthetic USDC
=:BSC.BNB:0xe6a30f4f3bad978910e2cbb4d97581f5b5a0ade0:544e6/2/6 — swap to at least 5.4 BNB, using streaming swaps, 6 swaps, every 2 blocks
=:BTC~BTC:thor1g6pnmnyeg48yc3lg796plt0uw50qpp7humfggz:1e6/1/0:dx:10 — - Swap to Bitcoin Trade Asset, using a Limit, Streaming Swaps and a 10 bansis point fee to the affiliate dx (Asgardex)

Deposit Savers

Deposit an asset into THORChain Savers.

ADD:POOL::AFFILIATE:FEE

Parameter	Notes	Conditions
Payload	The asset to add liquidity with.	Must be supported by THORChain.
`ADD`	The deposit handler.	Also `+`
`:POOL`	The pool to add liquidity to.	Gas and stablecoin pools only.
`:`	Must be empty.	Optional. Required if adding affiliate and fee.
`:AFFILIATE`	The affiliate address.	Optional. Must be a THORName or THOR Address.
`:FEE`	The affiliate fee. RUNE is sent to affiliate.	Optional. Ranges from 0 to 1000 Basis Points.

Examples:

ADD:ETH/ETH — deposit into the ETH Savings Vault
+:BTC/BTC::t:10 — deposit into the BTC Savings Vault, with 10 basis points being sent to affiliate t (THORSwap)
a:DOGE/DOGE — deposit into the DOGE Savings Vault

Info

Depositing into Savers can also work without a memo, however memos are recommended to be explicit about the transaction intent.

Withdraw Savers

Withdraw an asset from THORChain Savers.

WITHDRAW:POOL:BASISPOINTS

Parameter	Notes	Extra
Payload	Send the dust threshold of the asset to cause the transaction to be picked up by THORChain.	Dust thresholds must be met.
`WITHDRAW`	The withdraw handler.	Also `-` or `wd`
`:POOL`	The pool to withdraw liquidity from.	Gas and stablecoin pools only.
`:BASISPOINTS`	Basis points.	Optional. Range 0-10000, where 10000 = 100%.

Examples:

WITHDRAW:BTC/BTC:10000 — withdraw 100% from BTC Savers
-:ETH/ETH:5000 — withdraw 50% from ETH Savers
wd:BTC/BTC:1000 — withdraw 10% from BTC Savers

Info

Withdrawing from Savers can be also be done without a memo.

Open Loan

Open a loan on THORChain.

LOAN+:ASSET:DESTADDR:MINOUT:AFFILIATE:FEE

Parameter	Notes	Conditions
Payload	The collateral to open the loan with.	Must be L1 supported by THORChain.
`LOAN+`	The loan open handler.	Also `$+`
`:ASSET`	Target debt asset identifier.	Can be shortened.
`:DESTADDR`	The destination address to send the debt to.	Can use THORName.
`:MINOUT`	Minimum debt amount, else a refund. Similar to `:LIM`.	Optional. 1e8 format.
`:AFFILIATE`	The affiliate address.	Optional. Must be a THORName or THOR Address.
`:FEE`	The affiliate fee. RUNE is sent to affiliate.	Optional. Ranges from 0 to 1000 Basis Points.

Examples:

LOAN+:BSC.BUSD:0xe6a30f4f3bad978910e2cbb4d97581f5b5a0ade0 — open a loan with BUSD as the debt asset
$+:ETH.USDC-0XA0B86991C6218B36C1D19D4A2E9EB0CE3606EB48:0x1c7b17362c84287bd1184447e6dfeaf920c31bbe:10400000000 — open a loan where the debt is at least 104 USDT

Repay Loan

Repay a loan on THORChain.

LOAN-:ASSET:DESTADDR:MINOUT

Parameter	Notes	Conditions
Payload	The repayment for the loan.	Must be L1 supported on THORChain.
`LOAN-`	The loan repayment handler.	Also `$-`
`:ASSET`	Target collateral asset identifier.	Can be shortened.
`:DESTADDR`	The destination address to send the collateral to.	Can use a THORName.
`:MINOUT`	Minimum collateral to receive, else a refund. Similar to `:LIM`.	Optional. 1e8 format, loan needs to be fully repaid to close.

Examples:

LOAN-:BTC.BTC:bc1qp2t4hl4jr6wjfzv28tsdyjysw7p5armf7px55w — repay BTC loan owned by owner bc1qp2t4hl4jr6wjfzv28tsdyjysw7p5armf7px55w
$-:ETH.ETH:0xe9973cb51ee04446a54ffca73446d33f133d2f49:404204059 — repay ETH loan owned by 0xe9973cb51ee04446a54ffca73446d33f133d2f49 and receive at least 4.04 ETH collateral back, else refund

Add Liquidity

Add liquidity to a pool.

ADD:POOL:PAIREDADDR:AFFILIATE:FEE

There are rules for adding liquidity, see the rules here.

Parameter	Notes	Conditions
Payload	The asset to add liquidity with.	Must be supported by THORChain.
`ADD`	The add liquidity handler.	Also `a` or `+`
`:POOL`	The pool to add liquidity to.	Can be shortened.
`:PAIREDADDR`	The other address to link with. If on external chain, link to THOR address. If on THORChain, link to external address. If a paired address is found, the LP is matched and added. If none is found, the liquidity is put into pending.	Optional. If not specified, a single-sided add-liquidity action is created.
`:AFFILIATE`	The affiliate address. The affiliate is added to the pool as an LP.	Optional. Must be a THORName or THOR Address.
`:FEE`	The affiliate fee. RUNE is sent to affiliate.	Optional. Ranges from 0 to 1000 Basis Points.

Examples:

ADD:BTC.BTC — add liquidity single-sided. If this is a position's first add, liquidity can only be withdrawn to the same address
a:POOL:PAIREDADDR — add on both sides (dual-sided)
+:POOL:PAIREDADDR:AFFILIATE:FEE — add dual-sided with affiliate
+:ETH.ETH: — add liquidity with position pending

Withdraw Liquidity

Withdraw liquidity from a pool.

WITHDRAW:POOL:BASISPOINTS:ASSET

A withdrawal can be either dual-sided (withdrawn based on pool's price) or entirely single-sided (converted to one side and sent out).

Parameter	Notes	Extra
Payload	Send the dust threshold of the asset to cause the transaction to be picked up by THORChain.	Dust thresholds must be met.
`WITHDRAW`	The withdraw liquidity handler.	Also `-` or `wd`
`:POOL`	The pool to withdraw liquidity from.	Can be shortened.
`:BASISPOINTS`	Basis points.	Range 0-10000, where 10000 = 100%.
`:ASSET`	Single-sided withdraw to one side.	Optional. Can be shortened. Must be either RUNE or the ASSET.

Examples:

WITHDRAW:POOL:10000 — dual-sided 100% withdraw liquidity. If a single-address position, this withdraws single-sidedly instead
-:POOL:1000 — dual-sided 10% withdraw liquidity
wd:POOL:5000:ASSET — withdraw 50% liquidity as the asset specified while the rest stays in the pool, e.g., w:BTC.BTC:5000:BTC.BTC

Add Trade Account

TRADE+:ADDR

Adds an L1 asset to the Trade Account.

Parameter	Notes	Extra
Payload	The asset to add to the Trade Account	Must be a L1 asset and supported by THORChain.
`TRADE+`	The trade account handler.
`ADDR`	Must be a thor address	Specifies the owner

Example: TRADE+:thor1x2whgc2nt665y0kc44uywhynazvp0l8tp0vtu6 - Add the sent asset and amount to the Trade Account.

Withdraw Trade Account

Withdraws an L1 asset from the Trade Account.

TRADE-:ADDR

Parameter	Notes	Extra
Payload	The Trade Asset to be withdrawn and amount	Use `MsgDeposit`.
`TRADE-`	The trade account handler.
`ADDR`	L1 address to which the withdrawal will be sent	Cannot be a thor address

Note: Trade Asset and Amount are determined by the coins within the MsgDeposit. Transaction fee in RUNE does apply.

Example:

TRADE-:bc1qp8278yutn09r2wu3jrc8xg2a7hgdgwv2gvsdyw - Withdraw 0.1 BTC from the Trade Account and send to bc1qp8278yutn09r2wu3jrc8xg2a7hgdgwv2gvsdyw

{"body":{"messages":[{"":"/types.MsgDeposit","coins":[{"asset":"BTC~BTC","amount":"10000000","decimals":"0"}],"memo":"trade-:bc1qp8278yutn09r2wu3jrc8xg2a7hgdgwv2gvsdyw","signer":"thor19phfqh3ce3nnjhh0cssn433nydq9shx7wfmk7k"}],"memo":"","timeout_height":"0","extension_options":[],"non_critical_extension_options":[]},"auth_info":{"signer_infos":[],"fee":{"amount":[],"gas_limit":"200000","payer":"","granter":""}},"signatures":[]}

DONATE & RESERVE

Donate to a pool.

DONATE:POOL

Parameter	Notes	Extra
Payload	The asset to donate to a THORChain pool.	Must be supported by THORChain. Can be RUNE or ASSET.
`DONATE`	The donate handler.	Also `d`
`:POOL`	The pool to withdraw liquidity from.	Can be shortened.

Examples:

DONATE:ETH.ETH — donate to the ETH pool

RESERVE

Donate to the THORChain Reserve.

Parameter	Notes	Extra
Payload	THOR.RUNE	The RUNE to credit to the THORChain Reserve.
`RESERVE`	The reserve handler.

BOND, UNBOND and LEAVE

Perform node maintenance features. Also see Pooled Nodes.

BOND:NODEADDR:PROVIDER:FEE

Parameter	Notes	Extra
Payload	THOR.RUNE	The asset to bond to a Node.
`BOND`	The bond handler.
`:NODEADDR`	The node to bond with.
`:PROVIDER`	Whitelist in a provider.	Optional. Add a provider.
`:FEE`	Specify an Operator Fee in Basis Points.	Optional. Default will be the mimir value (2000 Basis Points). Can be changed anytime.

UNBOND:NODEADDR:AMOUNT:PROVIDER

Parameter	Notes	Extra
Payload	None required.	Use `MsgDeposit`.
`UNBOND`	The unbond handler.
`:NODEADDR`	The node to unbond from.	Must be in standby only.
`:AMOUNT`	The amount to unbond.	In 1e8 format. If setting more than actual bond, then capped at bond.
`:PROVIDER`	Unwhitelist a provider.	Optional. Remove a provider.

LEAVE:NODEADDR

Parameter	Notes	Extra
Payload	None required.	Use `MsgDeposit`.
`LEAVE`	The leave handler.
`:NODEADDR`	The node to force to leave.	If in Active, request a churn out to Standby for 1 churn cycle. If in Standby, forces a permanent leave.

Examples:

BOND:thor19m4kqulyqvya339jfja84h6qp8tkjgxuxa4n4a
UNBOND:thor1x2whgc2nt665y0kc44uywhynazvp0l8tp0vtu6:750000000000
LEAVE:thor1hlhdm0ngr2j4lt8tt8wuvqxz6aus58j57nxnps

MIGRATE

Internal memo type used to mark migration transactions between a retiring vault and a new Asgard vault during churn. Special THORChain triggered outbound tx without a related inbound tx.

MIGRATE:BLOCKHEIGHT

Parameter	Notes	Extra
Payload	Assets migrating.
`MIGRATE`	The migrate handler.
`:BLOCKHEIGHT`	THORChain block height to migrate.	Must be a valid block height.

Example:

MIGRATE:3494355 — migrate at height 3494355. See a real-world example on RuneScan

NOOP

Dev-centric functions used to fix THORChain state.

Danger

May cause loss of funds if not performed correctly and at the right time.

NOOP:NOVAULT

Parameter	Notes	Extra
Payload	The asset to credit to a vault.	Must be ASSET or RUNE.
`NOOP`	The no-op handler.	Adds to the vault balance, but does not add to the pool.
`:NOVAULT`	Do not credit the vault.	Optional. Just fix the insolvency issue.

Refunds

The following are the conditions for refunds:

Condition	Notes
Invalid `MEMO`	If the `MEMO` is incorrect the user will be refunded.
Invalid Assets	If the asset for the transaction is incorrect (adding an asset into a wrong pool) the user will be refunded.
Invalid Transaction Type	If the user is performing a multi-send vs a send for a particular transaction, they are refunded.
Exceeding Price Limit	If the final value achieved in a trade differs to expected, they are refunded.

Refunds cost fees to prevent DoS (denial-of-service) attacks. The user will pay the correct outbound fee for that chain. Refund memo is sent within a outbound transaction.

Other Internal Memos

consolidate — consolidate UTXO transactions
limito or lo — limit order functions (to be implemented)
name or n or ~ — THORName operations; see THORName Guide
out — for outbound transaction, set within a outbound transaction
ragnarok — used to delist pools, set within a outbound transaction
switch — killswitch operations (deprecated)
yggdrasil+ and yggdrasil- — Yggdrasil vault operations (deprecated; see ADR002)

THORChain Dev Docs